Emphysema is a serious lung condition that often occurs in people who smoke cigarettes or have been exposed to secondhand smoke for long periods of time. It is a condition where the air sacs in the lungs become damaged and lose their elasticity, making it difficult to breathe. Symptoms of emphysema may include a persistent cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, and fatigue. Diagnosis of emphysema is typically made through a physical exam, chest X-rays, and pulmonary function tests. Treatment of emphysema may include medicines, lifestyle changes, breathing exercises, and surgery. In some cases, supplemental oxygen and other breathing devices may be used to help manage the condition.