Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, a membrane that lines the chest cavity and covers the lungs. It is usually caused by an infection, such as a virus or bacteria, but can also be caused by a pulmonary embolism, certain types of cancer, and certain autoimmune disorders. Common symptoms of pleurisy include sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing and coughing, difficulty breathing, and a dry cough. Diagnosis is typically made using a combination of physical examination, imaging tests, and laboratory tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, but may involve antibiotics, pain relievers, and corticosteroids. In some cases, drainage of accumulated fluid in the chest cavity may be necessary.